Euro-Burn I: Assessment of burnout syndrome in health workers in a mediterranean country during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome (BS) has a negative impact among health professionals. AIMS: Our research objective is to quantify the level of burnout in health workers of the Spanish National Health System during the COVID-19 pandemic using and comparing two independent measurement instruments. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study conducted through an anonymous online survey among health workers of the National Health System, measuring the level of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). RESULTS: A total of 448 questionnaires were analyzed, the mean age of the participants was 43.53 years (range: 20-64), 365 (81.5%) women. 161 (35.9%) participants presented BS measured with the MBI and 304 (67.9%) measured with the CBI. Regarding work contract, those who had greater job stability presented a higher degree of cynicism with respect to the eventual ones (p = .010), the eventual ones presenting higher mean scores in professional efficacy (p = .034). Urban workers had higher scores of exhaustion (p < .001) and cynicism (p < .001) than those living in rural areas. When comparing both tests, a high predictive value for exhaustion and cynicism was found to measure BS through the CBI (AUC = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively) and a low AUC with respect to the predictive value for efficacy (AUC = 0, 59). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show a high level of BS among the health workers who participated in our study. Both tests have an excellent correlation in the degree of exhaustion and cynicism, but not in efficacy. The BS measurement must be performed with at least two validated instruments to increase its reliability.

Burnout Among Critical Care Personnel In Intensive Care Unit During COVID-19 Pandemic In A Malaysian Tertiary Hospital

Introduction: During the early phase of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there were various uncertainties, which had a detrimental impact on the prevalence of burnout among critical care personnel worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in critical care personnel involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study with 81 critical care personnel for a survey using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with personal burnout. Results: More than half of the respondents were female (60.5%) over the age of 30 (61.7%), and 54.3% were medical doctors. A large number (72.8%) of the respondents experienced personal burnout, with two-thirds of them experiencing work-related (65.4%) and client-related burnout (59.3%). Personal burnout was found to be associated with those who had children [OR: 11.31 (1.90, 67.37), p = 0.008], stayed with family, relatives, or friends [OR: 9.40 (1.27, 69.46), p = 0.028], were medical doctors [OR: 26.52 (2.79, 252.22), p = 0.004], worked more than 45 hours per week [OR: 8.68 (1.45, 58.09), p = 0.018], and previously never had COVID-19 viral test [OR: 6.93 (1.17, 40.89), p = 0.033]. Conclusion: Overall, more than half of the critical care personnel experienced burnout. There were possible associations between personal burnout with social characteristics such as having children and living with family, relatives, or friends, and occupational characteristics such as being a medical doctor, long working hours, and previously never had COVID-19 viral test. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.

Pandemic Covid-19 and the risk of burnout among health personnel at Hassan II Hospital in Agadir, Morocco

Introduction: Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from chronic exposure to stress. Health care personnel are strongly impacted by this phenomenon during the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this work is to evaluate the prevalence of professional, personal and relational burnout and the associated factors among health personnel at Hassan II Hospital in Agadir. Material(s) and Method(s): This is an exhaustive cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims carried out among staff working at the Hassan II Hospital. The data collection used the construction of a web questionnaire on the Google Forms platform. The evaluation of the risk of burnout was done by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 19 questions rated from 0 to 4. Preliminary Results: Of the 124 participants, 58.1% were women;the average age was 29, 3+/-2 years. 39.2% of patients had comoridities: dominated by anxiety (17.7) %, sleep disorders (16.3%) and depression (9.7%). 48.8% had a mild form of COVID-19 while only 2.8% had a severe form. 58.1% were on call at Covid-19, 42% of participants reported working between 35 and 48 hours per week, 32.3% were on call at least 8 times per month. Personal burnout was noted in 31.6%, professional burnout in 42% and relational burnout in 32%. The degree of burnout was higher in women and participants with a psychiatric history and sleep disorders. Conclusion(s): Health care personnel are confronted daily with social, physical and psychological suffering to which they cannot always respond. A prevention and care strategy is needed to limit the negative consequences of this suffering.

A narrative review of research on healthcare staff's burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, burnout emerges as a critical health problem that might involve workers in many occupations, particularly healthcare personnel. Although burnout syndrome is not necessarily proved to be nosologic, it yields serious physical, mental, and social outcomes. However, it is essential to provide practical strategies and effective instruments for people so that they can adapt to such highly stressful conditions. Objective(s): The present review was conducted to explore preliminary evidence for nature, treatment, and prevention of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): Related English literatures published from the beginning of January 2020 to the end of September 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. "Burnout," "COVID-19," "healthcare workers," "medical staff," and "pandemic" constituted the search terms. A narrative technique was implemented for material synthesis and creating a compelling and cohesive story. Result(s): Final results provided the burnout history and its major effects, causes, and prevalence among healthcare workers. Also, some strategies were listed to be employed by hospital medical staff and organizations to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion(s): Recent evidence demonstrated that healthcare staff could gain significant benefits from interventions to modify burnout syndrome, especially from organization-directed interventions. So, health policymakers and practitioners should adopt such interventions and develop context-specific approaches promoting a healthy workplace and averting burnout during the COVID-19 crisis. Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.

Status of mental health among college and university students during first and second wave of COVID-19 outbreak in India: A cross-sectional study.

Background: India has been badly affected by Covid-19 not only in terms of human lives but also has a long-term effect on mental health of the population. This paper is an attempt to understand the psychological effects of the pandemic on the college and university students in India after the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak and its associated factors. Method: A web-based survey was conducted to collect information from the students both at individual and household level. The study applied binary and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted marginal effects of the predictor variables. Result: Results show a significant increase in mental health concerns during the second wave of the pandemic, as compared to the first year. The key factors contributing to the higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress are the difficulties faced in the adaptation to the new way of learning, fear of discontinuation of education due to financial constraints faced by household, limited physical interaction, and prolonged screen-time during the pandemic. Limitation: The study has some limitations regarding selection of the sample as the survey was web-based. Also, the mental health situation of the students is self-reported and the study does not consider the prevailing mental health issues before the pandemic. Conclusion: The study recommends initiatives like offering counselling classes and strategies to cope up with mental health disorders. Further, there is a need to conduct follow-up studies to assess the long-term impacts of prolonged home quarantine on the mental health of the students.

Medical education during the coronavirus disease pandemic and students' mental health: A one-year follow-up

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected medical education and psychosomatic health of medical students. In this follow-up study, conducted 1 year after the transition to online learning (OL), we aimed to investigate changes in student mental health and identify factors associated with academic burnout and changes in medical education caused by the pandemic. Materials and methodsThis study compares the burnout rate and psychosomatic status (depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms) of medical students at Astana Medical University using an online questionnaire-based repeated cross-section design of the pre-pandemic period (September-November 2019), the initial period of the pandemic (April 2020), and the current study (March 9-30, 2021). In the pre-pandemic period, students studied only in a face-to-face format. Moreover, the current study (March, 2021) analyzed factors associated with academic burnout and changes in medical education caused by the pandemic. Statistical methods included mean comparison, frequency, and regression analysis. ResultsData from a representative sample of undergraduate students were analyzed (n = 975, 58% of them participated in the previous study). The burnout rate was found to be lower compared with the period of traditional education (pre-COVID-19) and did not significantly differ from the initial period of the introduction of online learning (the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic). The levels and prevalence of depression and anxiety also showed similar patterns. The prevalence of somatic symptoms has increased compared to the initial period of the pandemic, although it has not reached the level obtained in the pre-COVID-19 period. The negative changes caused by OL in medical education and learning effectiveness have been associated with burnout. Factors associated with burnout, learning effectiveness, dissatisfaction with the quality of OL organization, and deterioration of medical education have been identified. ConclusionThe medical education and mental health of medical students has undoubtedly undergone changes in the transition to OL due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as changing the content of education, the organization of the educational process and support from the school, the nature of student-teacher, student-school and student-student relationships, the possibility of mastering various skills and financial problems caused by the pandemic, played a significant role in the academic life of students. The results obtained have potential applications in organizing and improving the quality of continuing medical education in an era of global healthcare crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Theoretical Model on Pediatric Nurses' Burnout, Wellbeing, and Patient Safety

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical model of the causal factors and consequences of burnout among pediatric nurses. Method(s): The significant results of selected four studies on pediatric nurse were integrated to build a comprehensive theoretical model on burnout among pediatric nurses. The four studies involved in this study have used the same convenient sample of 225 pediatric nurses from nine Jordanian hospitals. The selected sample of pediatric nurses answered self-reported questionnaires including the Copenhagen burnout inventory, the abbreviated form of the world health organization quality of life survey (WHOQOL-BREF),nurse-perceived patient adverse events, in addition to questions about demographic traits, intent to quit, and job satisfaction. Result(s): The suggested theoretical model is an integration of the results of empirical research related to pediatric nurses' burnout, quality of life, perceived adverse events, job satisfaction, social support, Compassion Satisfaction - Compassion Fatigue model, and the empowerment model. Conclusion(s): The proposed model might be suitable in directing future studies discovering scientific gaps about burnout, quality of life, job satisfaction, social support, and perceived adverse events among pediatric nurses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, this model will provide an inclusive theoretical framework for future studies examining nurses' burnout. Copyright © 2022

Burnout prevalence and its association with determinants among health care workers of rural population in a Ajmer district of Rajasthan

Background: Corona virus disease is an ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 had put cumbersome mental and physical pressure on the healthcare staff which may lead to burnout in them. Also there is paucity of Indian literature regarding prevalence of burnout in rural health care staff. Objective(s): To study the prevalence of burnout and its association with the determinants among the healthcare workers in rural population of a Ajmer district, Rajasthan. Methodology: A Cross Sectional Questionnaire based study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021 on 173 healthcare staff of rural population in a Ajmer district, Rajasthan after ethical clearance. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to assess the burnout among Health Care Workers and a semi structured Performa was used to evaluate the demographic and clinical determinants of burnout. Prevalence of burnout was determined and the association of determinants with burnout was assessed. Result(s): The prevalence of personal burnout, work related burnout and pandemic related burnout in health care workers was 42.5%, 33.75% and 49.37%. Pandemic related burnout was significantly greater than personal burnout and work related burnout in health care workers. Doctors, redeployed healthcare staff and staff having covid positive case in family have significantly greater burnout. Supportive work environment and adequate protective measures at workplace significantly reduces the burnout among health care staff. Conclusion(s): Almost half of the rural health care workers are burnout. Protective authoritative and individual measures are needed to prevent burnout in HCWs. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Degree Of Burnout and Its Association with Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Mandaue City During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: On top of adjusting to the societal shifts and emotional stressors faced by everyone, health care workers are also confronted by stressors such as an increased risk of exposure, extreme workloads, moral dilemmas, and a dynamic practice environment that differs greatly from what was familiar. These can lead to burnout, a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that results from long-term involvement in work situations that are emotionally demanding. General Objective: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that intends to measure the degree of burnout and determine its association with depression, anxiety, and stress among health care workers in Chong Hua Hospital Mandaue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The data collection process entailed the researchers' physical and online administration of a questionnaire which included the health care workers' socio-demographic data and questions lifted from both the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) 42-item. Also included was an open-ended questionnaire to enumerate outbreak-specific contributors to burnout. Result(s): 222 health care workers were surveyed. Almost half (98, 44.2%) of the health care workers registered moderate to high overall burnout scores on the CBI but none of them had severe burnout. The degree of burnout was determined to be moderately associated with all three negative emotional states using the Cramer's V coefficient: depression (V = .448), anxiety (V = .378), and stress (V = .415). The foremost factor identified to be a contributor to burnout was the high workload which was exacerbated by the onset of the pandemic. Conclusion(s): The study showed that burnout and the negative psychological states of depression, anxiety, and stress, are prevalent in health care providers with results comparable to other global studies. The contributors to burnout identified by the respondents were either present pre-pandemic but were aggravated by it and those which were outbreak-specific. Copyright © 2022, Philippine College of Physicians. All rights reserved.

A study on burnout among health care workers of COVID care units of some selected hospitals in Sri Lanka during the COVID 19 pandemic

Introduction: Since the declaration of COVID 19 pandemic by the WHO, the mental health toll the virus has taken on the globe, affects the health care workers in many folds which is reflected by mounting evidence on high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCW.1,2,3 Psychological stresses among HCWs measured in terms of burnout provide valuable evidence to initiate support services in COVID care settings.4 The psychological distress among HCW during a pandemic of current nature, is attributed to being parents of dependent children, being junior in service, longer quarantine period, lack of practical support and stigma5 Though the health system in Sri Lanka is overwhelmingly burdened by the disease little is known about psychological issues of HCW in the country. Objectives: To Evaluate the prevalence of burnout and to identify some factors associated with burnout among health care workers attached to COVID 19 management settings in Sri Lanka Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 selected COVID care settings in the country. Data from HCW dealing with COVID care were collected using google forms. Burnout was assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory with 0-100 scale. A score above 50 is considered as the presence of burnout. Some selected factors associated with burnout was tested with Z test and chi square test. Results: There were 473 respondents (doctors (33.4%), nurses (51.6%), physiotherapists (4.2%), radiographers (4.2%) and other staff (7.4%)). Sixty-three percent of HCW worked in intensive care facilities. There were 342 (72.5%) females and 125 (26.4%) males. Majority (61%) were between 21 to 30 years. Eighty percent of HCW had no comorbidities and 91.8% of them were vaccinated against COVID-19. The overall prevalence of burnout was 70.6 % while the prevalence of personal related, work related and client related burnout were 61.5%, 75% and 71.2% respectively. Burnout of doctors was 65.8% of nurses was 72.5% of physiotherapists was 70% of radiographers was 87.5 and the burnout of other staff was 25%. Mean burnout score was significantly higher among nurses compared to doctors (p, 0.0033) and female compared to male workers (p, 0.014). Conclusions: High prevalence of burnout is evident among all categories of HCW in COVID care settings in Sri Lanka. Establishment of necessary support services prioritizing nurses and administrative interventions are recommended.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT IN MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN AUSTRALIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has had wide-ranging effects across society, and healthcare workers of all kinds find themselves on the frontline. Studies have shown that during the pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered from high rates of mental distress, but little work has focused explicitly on mental healthcare workers, who may experience unique stressors during this pandemic. Objective: To examine psychological distress and professional burnout in a cohort of Australian mental healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study examined a multidisciplinary cohort of mental healthcare workers in a large metropolitan service in Australia. Demographic and employment information as well as individual personal experience of the COVID-19 pandemic was collected and correlated with cross-sectional assessments of anxiety, depression and professional burnout using validated clinical questionnaires: the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Findings: Unsurprisingly, HCWs reported that the pandemic has impacted multiple domains of life and, as a result, high levels of anxiety, depression and professional burnout were reported. Participants reported some reduction in anxiety since the early phases of the pandemic, but the reduction was more modest in mental healthcare workers identifying as being 'vulnerable' employees. Conclusion: Despite the low numbers of COVID-19 cases in Australia, mental healthcare workers in Australia report significant levels of psychological distress and professional burnout during the pandemic, influenced by several factors in both their professional and private lives.

Levels of Burnout among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Preference for Stress Management Strategies

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 314 nurses from two hospitals in the southeastern US. Measures were collected via an online survey after IRB approval and informed consent. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout. Multiple choice questions from the survey inquired about preferred stress management strategies (e.g., exercise class, relaxation). Results: Participants were predominantly female, white, married, average age of 40.45 years, and 59% provided direct COVID-19 care. Average burnout score was 59.52 (SD = 19.00);70.9% reported moderate (47.1%) to high/severe (23.8%) burnout. Nurses indicated most interest in “restorative breaks at work” (53.8%), relaxation exercises (52.5%), music therapy (48.7%), exercise (48.1%), yoga (36.6%) and meditation (36.3%) to help manage stress. Logistic regression results showed that nurses' preferences were mostly independent of their levels of burnout (p > .05). Burnout was predictive of choosing restorative breaks (p = .021), meditation (p = .040), and nurses with higher burnout being more likely to choose restorative breaks (OR = 1.02), but less likely to prefer meditation (OR = .99). Background: Burnout is a protracted response to stressors at work, characterized by exhaustion and inadequacy1. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses' concerns leading to burnout include lack of resources, rapidly changing advice about the pandemic, and lack of organizational preparedness2. There is a need for interventions to reduce pandemic-related burnout3. This study explores the relationship between levels of burnout and nurses' preference for stress management strategies. This is a partial report of a larger study on COVID-19 stress in nurses. Conclusion: Frontline nurses experience significant burnout levels that warrant intervention. Nurses' top stress management preferences included organizational and individual strategies but were mostly independent of levels of burnout. Results highlight the need for restorative breaks at work, especially for those with higher levels of burnout.

A Comparative Survey on Burnout and Resilience in Frontline workers afflicted by COVID 19 versus Nonafflicted, in the Second wave, in Andhra Pradesh, India. Abstract for free paper presentation

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is of an international scale with the number of people working on frontlines in healthcare positions has been of a scale never witnessed before. The wellbeing and emotional resilience of healthcare professionals are key components of continued delivery of healthcare services during the pandemic. Although, researchers have estimated burnout and resilience among health care workers, they didn't study in health care workers who were infected with covid. Nor was the group compared to uninfected health care workers. Aims: To compare these two groups to gain insights into how the infection will affect the already wounded morale of the health care workers in the light of continued onslaught in form of subsequent waves. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted for 1 month, after obtaining the ethics clearance. Purposive sampling was used to include doctors, interns &nurses involved in Covid 19 duties in Andhra Pradesh during the second wave. A specially prepared anonymous, voluntary, online, valid, reliable self-administered google form was used. Brief resilience scale and Copenhagen Burnout inventory, used to asses resilience and burnout respectively, along with socio demographic data. The data was analysed using by Chi-square test, Fischer-exact test for significance of association. Results: The sample consisted of 249 respondents, of which, majority (n=134;45.4%) were between the ages 18-24 yrs, and most of them, interns (n=146;58.6%). As per the two groups, 27.7%(n=69) of subjects have been afflicted by Covid 19 during second wave. Conclusion: The mean resilience for those afflicted by COVID 19 and Non-afflicted was 2.9 and 3.2 respectively and mean work-related burnout was 60.7 and 54.6 respectively, indicating a difference in attitudes and outlook towards the work.

Feeling the burn in the era of COVID-19: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory among community pharmacists.

BACKGROUND: Community pharmacists (CPs) are one of the frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) working diligently to provide much-needed services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout was one of the detrimental outcomes of the pandemic on the mental health of Lebanese CPs. To assess the extent of this syndrome among Lebanese CPs, a psychometrically reliable and valid tool is needed. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-A) for use in the assessment of burnout among CPs. METHODS: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Lebanese CPs over February 2021. Data were collected using an anonymous Arabic self-administered questionnaire that includes information on socio-demographic characteristics, work-related variables, in addition to the measurements: the CBI which includes personal, work-related, and patient-related dimensions of burnout, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to explore the factorial structure and to measure model fit. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency. The criterion validity of the CBI was assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between different aspects of burnout and mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. RESULTS: The CBI-A showed high internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas varied from 0.774 to 0.902 and a low floor and ceiling effect (1-9%). As for the CBI-A construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis showed three factors with good factor loadings and explained 72.17% of the variance. The confirmatory analysis supported the three-factorial structure of the CBI that presented a good overall fit based on the goodness-of-fit indices. Ad hoc modifications to the model were introduced based on the modification indices to achieve a satisfactory fit by allowing one covariate error between one pair of items within the personal burnout domain. All of the 19 items were kept in the construct since they showed a good factorial weight. The CBI-A is associated with burnout-related factors in expected directions, including extensive working hours, sleeping hours, and job satisfaction, indicating, therefore, the criterion validity of the tool. CBI subscales were also found positively associated with mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety demonstrating, in turn, a predictive validity. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of CBI as an adequate tool for assessing burnout among CPs. Such an instrument could be useful for assessing such syndrome among other healthcare workers.

Sociodemographic and Occupational Factors Associated With Burnout: A Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of burnout among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated sociodemographic and occupational factors. Methods: A cross sectional survey study was carried out to study HCWs burnout using the 19-item Full Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) that includes personal, work, and patient-related burnout subscales. Bivariate analysis was used to test for associations and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 responses received; where the mean score of personal burnout was 67.23, the mean of work-related burnout was 61.38, and the mean of patient-related burnout was 54.55. Significant associations were found; where female HCWs, those working in rotating day-and-night shifts, working more than 55-h per week, and who had their shift time and hours changed during the pandemic, had higher levels of personal and work-related burnout (P < 0.05). Patient-related burnout was higher among those who were single (divorced or separated), nurses, non-Citizens, those with fewer years of experience, and who were infected by COVID-19 and have been quarantined (P < 0.05). Age was not a significant factor of burnout in any of the CBI subscales. Conclusions: There is a prevalent level of burnout among frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings highlight key sociodemographic and occupational factors affecting burnout; which can help planning for psychological support strategies. Furthermore, effective administrative control is important to institute policies and mechanisms to identify, and freely report burnout symptoms among HCWs to promote their wellbeing.

Are pharmacists well equipped to deal with global health emergencies? Burnout during COVID-19

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate and assess the burnout effect among pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire included demographic questions as well as items from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) to assess burnout in three domains: personal burnout, work-related burnout and client-related burnout. Descriptive statistics, correlations and comparative analysis were performed. Key findings A total of 277 completed responses were received. The overall mean (SD) score for the respondents' burnout was 52.8 (19.1). The mean (SD) burnout scores for the three CBI domains (personal, work-related and client-related) were 56.6 (21.7), 53.9 (21.4) and 47.0 (23.8), respectively. It was found that younger age, female, Kuwaiti, Kuwait University graduates and less experienced participants had higher personal, work-related, client-related burnout scores. Personal and work-related scores were more strongly correlated (r = 0.81);in comparison with their correlation with the client-related score (r approximate to 0.55). Conclusions High burnout scores for pharmacists in Kuwait on a personal, work-related and client-related level during the COVID-19 pandemic were found. Strategies for early identification of burnout and recognition of modifiable factors that affect pharmacists' work in Kuwait are needed to promote pharmacists' psychological well-being.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in healthcare professionals.

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare professionals (HCP)' Burnout Syndrome (BS) has been a major concern, even more amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Adequate tools to assess BS are urgent. The objective of this study was the validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in HCP. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1054 Brazilian HCP. Data were collected for one month (May-2020 to June-2020) through an online self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The three CBI dimensions presented optimal reliability. All consistency measures showed values > 0.90. Split-half correlation values with Spearman-Brown reliability were higher than 0.8. The parallel analysis suggested two factors: personal burnout (PB) and work-related burnout (WB) items were associated with factor 1, and client-related burnout (CB) items were associated with factor 2. DISCUSSION: Our study corroborates the validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CBI, pointing to a close relation between PB and WB in HCP. A public domain tool that has the quality of evidence for sufficient content validity can aid in burnout evaluation, and encourage both the expansion of the research field as well as the accurate detection and treatment of this syndrome in Brazilian HCP.

Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey.

BACKGROUND: Burnout, a state of physical and emotional exhaustion, in healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major concern. The prevalence of burnout, due to COVID-19 pandemic in India, is unknown. We therefore conducted this survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was carried out among HCWs looking after COVID-19 patients. Questionnaire was sent to the HCWs, using WhatsApp Messenger, and voluntary participation was sought. We received responses from 2026 HCWs. Burnout was assessed in personal, work, and client-related (COVID-19 pandemic-related) domains. Burnout was defined at a cut-off score of 50 for each domain. RESULTS: The prevalence of personal burnout was 44.6% (903), work-related burn-out was only 26.9% (544), while greater than half of the respondents (1,069, 52.8%) had pandemic-related burnout. Younger respondents (21-30 years) had higher personal and work-related burnout. The prevalence of personal and work-related burnout was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among females. The doctors were 1.64 times, and the support staff were 5 times more likely to experience pandemic-related burnout. CONCLUSION: There is a significant prevalence of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs, in particular, doctors and support staff. Female respondents had higher prevalence. We suggest that the management should be proactive and supportive in improving working conditions and providing assurance to the HCWs. The long-term effects of the current pandemic need to be assessed later. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Khasne RW, Dhakulkar BS, Mahajan HC, Kulkarni AP. Burnout among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Results of a Questionnaire-based Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):664-671.